Foreign investments from the GCC region are still unmatched in attractiveness. Entrepreneurs and businesses increasingly require understanding the licencing requirements set forth across member countries in the region, namely Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE. The obvious differences as well as similarities in the licencing process, it seems, lie within this dynamic landscape, thus requiring this comparative study to enable investors to better navigate the said landscape.

1. Licensing Framework Overview

Each of the GCC countries has its own regulatory authority, which is responsible for issuing business licenses, yet is at the same time bound to the promise of simplification of procedures for further economic development. In this regard, the essence of obtaining a license for operation is actually consistent, though requirements and processes may be quite different.

2. Business Structure Options

Foreign investors in the UAE can pick from a variety of structures, such as limited liability corporations (LLCs) and free zone settings. Foreign ownership can reach 100% in some free zones.

Saudi Arabia: LLCs usually have to have a local partner, with a maximum of 49% foreign ownership, however the country is moving toward more loosened ownership laws under Vision 2030.

Qatar: Similar to Saudi Arabia, international investors require a local partner unless they operate in free zones where 100% ownership is permitted

Oman: Generally allows up to 49% foreign ownership, requiring a local partner, though some sectors permit 100% ownership.

Bahrain: The country has liberalized its business regulations significantly, allowing 100% foreign ownership in most sectors.

Kuwait: Foreign investors typically need a local partner who holds at least 51% of the business.

Also Read: Saudi Arabia witnessess new golden era of business opportunities

3. First Stage Approvals

UAE: Application for first-stage approval, to be submitted to the Department of Economic Development (DED) or any other free zone

Saudi Arabia: Approach and clear the MOCI concerned before submitting a license application

Qatar: an approval in the first stage by the MOCI followed by a series of checks at various regulatory stations.

Oman: An application for a business license must receive initial approval from MOCIIP.

Bahrain: Central Bank of Bahrain, specifically for the financial institutions, deals with the approval system.

Kuwait: First approvals require to be taken from the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

4. Documentation Requirements

Across the GCC, documentation is a critical part of the licensing process. Common requirements typically include:

Business plan

Identification documents of the owners and partners

Memorandum and Articles of Association

Proof of capital deposit (where applicable)

5. Renewal and Compliance

Once licensed, businesses must adhere to ongoing compliance and renewal requirements, which can differ:

UAE: License renewals occur annually, with additional requirements depending on the business activity.

Saudi Arabia: Licenses need renewal every five years, and companies must comply with local labor laws.

Qatar: Annual renewal is mandatory, along with regular audits for certain industries.

Oman: Licenses require annual renewal, with compliance checks in place.

Bahrain: The renewal process is generally straightforward but varies by sector.

Kuwait: Renewals happen annually, with a strong emphasis on compliance with local laws.

How Arnifi Can Help

At Arnifi, we understand that navigating the licensing requirements across GCC countries can be complex and overwhelming. Our team of seasoned professionals is dedicated to simplifying this process for you. As a trusted corporate solutions provider, we offer tailored advisory services to guide you through the intricacies of business setup in the GCC region. From understanding local regulations to preparing the necessary documentation, Arnifi ensures a smooth transition into your desired market. With our expertise, you can confidently enter the vibrant business ecosystems of the GCC. Contact us today to learn more about how we can assist you!